Ax-2 Crew Conducted Study on ISS to Better Understand Inflammatory Response in Space

Ax-2 Mission Specialist Rayyanah Barnawi spent four consecutive days working in the life science glovebox on the ISS in support of the mRNA experiment.

During Axiom Mission 2 (Ax-2), the crew investigated the inflammatory response of human immune cells in microgravity, specifically the changes in mRNA decay – a process that regulates gene expression changes in cells and can influence the effects of inflammation. The goal of the mRNA Response and Stability in Microgravity & Consequences for Inflammation Research and Biotechnology (RNA Response) investigation was to study the changes of mRNA half-life in microgravity and subsequent consequences on inflammatory response. Results could provide insight into whether microgravity changes the mechanism that turns off inflammation, contributing to a better understanding of the inflammatory response in space and helping to maintain astronaut health on future missions.

In this experiment, a type of white blood cells were sent to the International Space Station (ISS) and, in parallel with experiments on the ground, cells were treated with a substance that stimulates an inflammatory response. The changes in mRNA expression and decay were studied and compared between experimental conditions to learn about mRNA expression changes, which could uncover biomarkers or potential therapies for inflammatory diseases both in space and on Earth.

BioServe Space Technologies provided support in experimental design, experiment protocol definition, hardware development and integration, crew training, safety, and manifestation. BioServe also supported the on-orbit operations real-time, assisting crew in successfully completing the experiment.

In addition to the RNA Response experiment, BioServe provided significant support for the implementation of other important studies during the Ax-2 mission, which included Space Tissue and Regeneration (STAR) and Stellar Stem Cells.

BioServe was honored to play an integral role in the overall success of the Ax-2 science mission payloads and to participate in building history with Axiom Space on the In Space Production Applications (InSPA) manufacturing payloads STAR and Stellar Stem Cells.  For more information on the BioServe and the team please visit https://www.colorado.edu/center/bioserve/ .

The mRNA response experiment was in collaboration with King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center and funded by the Saudi Space Agency.

Axiom Space Chief Scientist Lucie Low interviewed Dr. Khalid S. A. Khabar, director of the Molecular BioMedicine Program at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSHRC) in Saudi Arabia.

Ax-2 Crew Conducted Studies During Mission to Understand Human Physiology in Microgravity

Ax-2 Mission Specialist Ali Alqarni uses the Smarting Pro EEG device aboard the ISS to conduct brain studies.

During Axiom Mission 2 (Ax-2), the Ax-2 astronauts measured changes in their eyes, blood pressure, blood oxygen, and heart rate levels, as well as performed some brain imaging studies for the Nebula Human Research investigations. These human research studies observed how humans adapt and respond to spaceflight to better understand human health in microgravity with the goal to offset the long-term effects of living in weightlessness.

EEG Monitoring in Space

By looking at the brain in space, we can learn about the mental health problems astronauts might face on long missions. It also provides a unique setting to unravel the mysteries of our own biology, particularly our brains. Studies conducted in space can offer unique insights and complement our terrestrial research, possibly leading to new breakthroughs in our understanding of neurological and cognitive function.

Long-term space travel has physical and psychological effects on astronauts. Sleep disruptions, stress, and changes in cognition are only some of the issues they face. Continuous EEG monitoring helps assessing astronaut’s cognitive health, stress levels, sleep quality, and mental workload in real-time.

The Smarting Pro EEG device, developed by mbraintrain, was the in-space EEG monitoring system used for the Nebula project during the Ax-2 mission. The crew onboard the ISS used the device to conduct brain studies in microgravity. The data collected could significantly improve safety and performance during extended space missions and identify potential issues early so appropriate countermeasures or treatments are made on time to ensure the safety and well-being of astronauts.

Recording Brain Activity During Spaceflight:

During the Ax-2 mission, a new neuroimaging technology called Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used for the first time to record the brain activity of astronauts during spaceflight. A Polish neurotech company, CortiVision, provided its fNIRS Photon Cap wireless system to be used for cognitive experiments that are part of the Nebula project. This is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique measured changes in the cerebral cortex's oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration. 

By using fNIRS, researchers will monitor changes in neural activity in the Ax-2 crew’s brains, which can help to understand better the effects of spaceflight on cognitive and neurological function. Before the mission, the Ax-2 crew performed experimental tasks while the fNIRS monitored different areas of their brain. Then the crew completed the same tasks and gathered measurements during two-time points throughout the mission. After returning to Earth, the Ax-2 astronauts participated in fNIRS measurement one last time. The results will allow researchers to compare whether brain activity patterns change in space travelers during a mission.

The success of the first fNIRS measurement during the Ax-2 mission could open up many new applications to optimize astronaut performance and well-being during space missions. In particular, fNIRS can be applied to study the effects of isolation, confinement, and other psychosocial stressors that astronauts may experience during long-duration missions. Additionally, fNIRS can be used to study astronauts' brain activity during tasks critical for spaceflight, such as piloting a spacecraft or performing repairs on the ISS and, in the future, it may be able to monitor changes in brain physiology during planned expeditions to Mars.

How Microgravity Affects Vision:

Space-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) is a not well-understood change seen in the eye due to the effects of microgravity on the vision of space travelers. It is a key area to observe when understanding the risk to humans during long spaceflight missions.

Pupillometry is the study of how the pupil of the eye changes in size in response to stimuli and may be a way to study intracranial pressure (ICP, or the pressure inside the skull) in a non-invasive way.

As researchers believe ICP may be linked to SANS, the purpose of the Nebula Biodata Pupillometry study is to get a rapid, easy, and non-invasive measure to infer changes in the pupil as a surrogate measure of ICP. A Pupilometer device was used during the Ax-2 mission to understand how microgravity affects the Ax-2 crew’s vision.

10 Things to Know About Ax-2

On May 21, 2023, the crew of Axiom Mission 2 (Ax-2), to include Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot John Shoffner, and Mission Specialists Ali Alqarni and Rayyanah Barnawi, launched on a Falcon 9 rocket from Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Ax-2 is the second private crewed mission to the International Space Station (ISS), and the four-person multinational crew made history as the first Axiom Space mission with both private and government sponsored astronauts.  

Below are a few key highlights about the Ax-2 mission and its crew:   

1. Thousands of students around the world were inspired through STEAM outreach 

The Ax-2 crew dedicated a lot of time aboard the space station engaging with students, educators, and the public about the importance of science, technology, engineering, the arts, and math (STEAM). The Ax-2 crew conducted a series of science demonstrations while working with students on Earth, engagements included communicator over amateur radio, a student art and poetry competition from space, educational activity kits, and student-led projects with universities like MIT. The Ax-2 crew also conducted events with students throughout Saudi Arabia, as the Kingdom hosted events at educational centers across the nation. 

Throughout the Ax-2 mission, the crew inspired thousands of students around the world to pursue opportunities and education in space-related fields.  

2. Peggy Whitson broke her own record, adding to her legendary astronaut career   

During Ax-2, Commander Peggy Whitson added two more accomplishments to her impressive career — she became the first female Commander of a private space mission, and she broke the record for the American with the most time in space, a record she set in 2017. The former two-time ISS commander has spent 675 cumulative days in space, also making her the woman with the most time spent in space.  

3. First Saudi astronauts visit the ISS and first-ever Saudi female goes to space  

Axiom Space partnered with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, represented by the Saudi Space Commission, for an historic agreement to expand its national space program and develop the first Saudi national astronaut program. The Kingdom sent two mission specialists, Ali Alqarni and Rayyanah Barnawi, who made history as the first Saudi astronauts to visit the ISS. To add to this historic accomplishment, Rayyanah Barnawi became the first Saudi female to go to space. Saudi Arabia became the 21st country to send astronauts to the International Space Station.  

 4. STEAM advocate and first person from Alaska travels to space 

During Ax-2, pilot and STEAM advocate John Shoffner became the first person from the U.S. state of Alaska to go to space. Born in Fairbanks, Alaska, and raised in Southeast Kentucky, John has been a pilot since he was 17 — with more than 8,500 flight hours holding commercial, instrument, single- and multi-engine ratings in both land and sea aircraft and helicopters, along with ratings in ex-military jets and high-performance radial engine aircraft. The Ax-2 mission allowed John to achieve one of his greatest life’s goals and use the opportunity to ignite a passion for STEAM education in teachers and students worldwide.

5. Ax-2 crew tested treatments for human cancer in a space lab 

The Ax-2 astronauts studied prospective therapies for colorectal and breast cancers by testing countermeasure drugs on the ISS. This effort contributes to the goal of creating models to predict and detect the development of cancer. Identifying early warning signs of cancer could lead to quicker intervention and potentially prevent the progress of the disease.   

The Ax-2 astronauts also conducted more than 20 different experiments while aboard the space station. Data collected during the Ax-2 mission will impact understanding of human physiology on Earth and on-orbit, as well as establish the utility of novel technologies that could be used for future human spaceflight pursuits and improving life on Earth.   

 6. First time bioprinted solid tissue constructs sent to space station 

The first bioprinted solid tissue constructs were sent to the ISS to explore ways to help reduce the number of people waiting for vital organs. Studying these larger tissue constructs will help inform researchers on how liver and kidney cells and blood vessel cells react in microgravity. This information could be used as a model for human disease and test potential new therapies for people on Earth, as well as develop potential countermeasures for astronauts who spend a significant amount of time in space.  

7. Zero-g indicator inspired children to reach for the stars 

Axiom Space and Build-A-Bear Workshop partnered to fly a furry fifth crew member alongside the Ax-2 astronauts. The teddy bear, named GiGi, took flight as the Ax-2 mission’s zero-gravity indicator wearing Axiom Space’s next-generation spacesuit. As the fifth crew member of Ax-2, GiGi’s mission was to inspire children around the world to learn about space and consider careers in STEAM.  

8. Pilot John Shoffner hosted an art and poetry contest that had 930 entries from 26 countries 

During the Ax-2 mission, John Shoffner announced the final selections of his International Space Art and Poetry Contest. From 250 miles above Earth, Shoffner showcased a sample of the 930 entries from students in 26 countries who answered the question, “What would it look like if we lived in space?”    

9. Technology demonstrations to test faster imagery downloads were conducted for future use on world’s first commercial space station  

The Ax-2 crew successfully conducted two Axiom Space-led technology demonstrations on the space station, which were trailblazers for the next generation of video communication in space and imagery downlink to Earth. The crew explored the use of applications to find more flexible ways to connect with loved ones and mission support teams on the ground, and for use in media outreach events on-orbit. The Ax-2 astronauts also investigated the effectiveness of internet connected photography devices to provide insight on how the feasibility and efficiency of the tool can reduce crew time and ground time on image transferring. These applications were tested for future use on the world’s first commercial space station, Axiom Station. 

10. Ax-2 crew flew 3,331,440 miles and completed 126 orbits around Earth 

Nearly 10 days in space, the Ax-2 crew spent eight days aboard the ISS and completed more than 126 orbits and flew 3,331,440 miles!  

Update: As of June 13th 2023, the Saudi Space Commission (SSC) is now known as the Saudi Space Agency (SSA)

Watch Ax-2 Crew Press Conference Following Second Private Mission to Space Station

After returning to Earth from a 10-day mission in space, today the astronauts of the Axiom Mission 2 (Ax-2) participated in a press conference to share their experience and highlight the work conducted during the second all-private astronaut mission to the International Space Station (ISS). 

The Ax-2 crew includes Axiom Space’s Director of Human Spaceflight and Commander Peggy Whitson, a former NASA astronaut, Pilot John Shoffner, and Mission Specialists Ali Alqarni and Rayyanah Barnawi, from the Saudi Space Commission (SSC). Both are members of the inaugural Saudi national astronaut class.  

During their time on the orbiting laboratory, the Ax-2 astronauts successfully executed over 20 STEAM outreach engagements and over 20 different microgravity science experiments, as well as eight media events. The SpaceX Dragon spacecraft returned to Earth with more than 300 pounds of cargo and critical data that will impact understanding of human physiology on- and off-planet, as well as establish the utility of novel technologies that could be used for future human spaceflight pursuits and benefit humankind on Earth.

The Ax-2 crew returned to Earth on May 30, 2023, at 10:04 p.m. CDT, in a parachute-assisted splashdown in SpaceX’s Dragon Freedom spacecraft off the coast of Florida. After returning to shore, the astronauts flew back to Houston where they were greeted by their families and colleagues, many of whom joined them at launch on Sunday, May 21 at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center.

Ax-2 is the second of several proposed Axiom Space missions to the ISS and an important step along the journey toward Axiom Station, the world’s first commercial space station, which will serve as a hub in low-Earth orbit for research and exploration.  

Follow Whitson, Shoffner, Alqarni and Barnawi on social media to learn more about the journey or download video and images from Axiom Space’s Ax-2 media kit.

Update: As of June 13th 2023, the Saudi Space Commission (SSC) is now known as the Saudi Space Agency (SSA)

Axiom Space to Hold All-Crew Press Conference Following Ax-2 Mission to Space Station

After returning to Earth from a 10-day mission in space, the astronauts of the Axiom Mission 2 (Ax-2) will participate in a press conference to share their experience and highlight the work conducted during the second all-private astronaut mission to the International Space Station (ISS).[BI1] [BI2]  The press conference will take place on June 1, 2023, at 3:00 p.m. CDT and will be live streamed on Axiom Space’s website.

The Ax-2 crew includes Axiom Space’s Director of Human Spaceflight and Commander Peggy Whitson, a former NASA astronaut, Pilot John Shoffner, and Mission Specialists Ali Alqarni and Rayyanah Barnawi, from the Saudi Space Commission (SSC). Both are members of the inaugural Saudi national astronaut class.  

During their time on the orbiting laboratory, the Ax-2 astronauts successfully executed over 20 STEAM outreach engagements and over 20 different microgravity science experiments, as well as eight media events. The SpaceX Dragon spacecraft returned to Earth with more than 300 pounds of cargo and critical data that will impact understanding of human physiology on- and off-planet, as well as establish the utility of novel technologies that could be used for future human spaceflight pursuits and benefit humankind on Earth.

The Ax-2 crew returned to Earth on May 30, 2023, at 10:04 p.m. CDT, in a parachute-assisted splashdown in SpaceX’s Dragon Freedom spacecraft off the coast of Florida. After returning to shore, the astronauts flew back to Houston where they were greeted by their families and colleagues, many of whom joined them at launch on Sunday, May 21 at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center.

Ax-2 is the second of several proposed Axiom Space missions to the ISS and an important step along the journey toward Axiom Station, the world’s first commercial space station, which will serve as a hub in low-Earth orbit for research and exploration.  

AX-2 CREW POST-RETURN PRESS CONFERENCE
June 1, 2023, at 3:00 CDT
Virtual press conference via Zoom

Participants include:

• Peggy Whitson, Ax-2 commander

• John Shoffner, Ax-2 pilot

• Ali AlQarni, Ax-2 mission specialist

• Rayyanah Barnawi, Ax-2 mission specialist

Media must register to participate in this briefing and must RSVP by 12:00 p.m. ET on June 1. After registering, media will receive a confirmation email containing information about joining the webinar.

Register here for the crew press conference:
https://axiomspace.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_4zAWzI8CTGCZ93YiwX0JPw[CH3] 

Reporters may submit questions by emailing media@axiomspace.com by noon the day of the event. The event will be live streamed on axiomspace.com.

Follow Whitson, Shoffner, Alqarni and Barnawi on social media to learn more about the journey or download video and images from Axiom Space’s Ax-2 media kit.

Ax-2 Astronauts Splash Down, Completing Second Private Mission to ISS

Credit: SpaceX

The Ax-2 crew aboard the SpaceX Dragon Freedom spacecraft safely splashed down off the coast of Florida at 11:04 p.m. EDT on May 30, 2023. The crew’s return officially concludes the second all-private astronaut mission to the International Space Station (ISS). You can watch the replay of the splashdown at www.axiomspace.com. 

The Ax-2 crew includes Axiom Space’s Director of Human Spaceflight and Commander Peggy Whitson, a former NASA astronaut, Pilot John Shoffner, and Mission Specialists Ali Alqarni and Rayyanah Barnawi, from the Saudi Space Commission (SSC). Both are members of the inaugural Saudi national astronaut class.  

The Ax-2 crew spent eight days aboard the ISS, orbited the Earth 126 times, and traveled 3,331,440 miles. During the mission, the Ax-2 crew conducted more than 20 research experiments and served as research subjects to better understand the impacts of microgravity on the human body, as well as established methods for the utility of novel technologies that could be used for future human spaceflight pursuits and improving life on Earth. Additionally, the crew carried out over 20 STEAM (science, technology, engineering, the arts, and math) engagements.

The Ax-2 mission made history on many fronts. Ax-2 was the first commercial mission with both private and government-sponsored astronauts. Peggy Whitson is now the first female commander of a private space mission, adding to her accomplishment as the first female commander of the ISS and standing record for the longest cumulative time in space by an American astronaut (674 days). Ali Alqarni and Rayyanah Barnawi are the first Saudi astronauts to visit the ISS and Rayyanah Barnawi is the first Saudi female to go to space. In addition, John Shoffner became the first person from the U.S. state of Alaska to fly to space. 

Axiom Space is the commercial space industry's only full-service orbital mission provider, conducting end-to-end crewed missions to the International Space Station. Axiom Space's broad range of services includes training and flying private astronauts, access to training facilities and instructors, hardware and safety certification, and operational on-orbit management. Candidates for flight complete Axiom Space's rigorous training curriculum over many months in preparation to live and conduct meaningful work in space. The expert team at Axiom Space is helping nations and organizations build human spaceflight programs, develop astronaut selection programs, and provide the expertise needed to expand the international community of space explorers to a larger and more diverse representation of humanity.     

Update: As of June 13th 2023, the Saudi Space Commission (SSC) is now known as the Saudi Space Agency (SSA)

Ax-2 Mission Digital Art Collection Launches May 31

Axiom Space and Art Blocks Engine have announced a groundbreaking partnership that will see a space-infused NFT collection, “Imagine” by Nadieh Bremer, initiated from the International Space Station (ISS) during the historic Ax-2 mission. People can join the Axiom Space3 community and purchase the Ax-2 Mission Digital Art Collection beginning May 31 at 1:00 PM EST at nft.axiomspace.com.

The partnership brought together by Kalos Labs brings together two industries – space and generative art – to create interest in space exploration and celebrate out-of-this-world creativity.

Bremer’s “Imagine” collection will include a 222-piece Non-Fungible Token (NFT) collection randomly generated and minted on the Ethereum blockchain. It showcases imaginary sky maps that transport viewers to worlds yet to be discovered. This collection offers a glimpse of what those skies might look like. Each sky map is a vision of the universe yet to be seen. There will be algorithmically generated pieces for sale that invite viewers to engage their imagination and find their own objects within the shapes and patterns of the unique and captivating constellations drawn between the stars that mimic those in real-life. "Imagine" speaks to the limitless potential of human exploration and the infinite possibilities that await us in outer space and encourages viewers to explore the beauty and complexity of the cosmos through creativity.

Every NFT owner will receive a special message recording of Ax-2 Commander Peggy Whitson as she initiated the mint from space.[a] This partnership will mark the second time NFTs have been minted from the ISS, with the first being in April 2022 on the historic Axiom Mission 1 (Ax-1).

Nadieh Bremer is a data and generative artist living in the Netherlands, freelancing as "Visual Cinnamon." She graduated as an astronomer and started working as a data scientist before finding her passion in the visualization of data and being creative with code. She's made visualizations and art for companies such as Google News Lab, Sony Music, UNICEF, the New York Times, and UNESCO. She has released data and generative art NFT collections on various platforms, including Art Blocks.

"We are thrilled to partner with Art Blocks Engine and Nadieh Bremer to bring the beauty of the cosmos to life," said Mina Salib, Axiom Space’s Head of Web3 Growth. "The ISS represents the pinnacle of human technological achievement, and we are excited to continue to bring this historic location to the world through the power of blockchain and generative art.”

Bremer, who has gained worldwide recognition for her groundbreaking work in the digital art world, expressed her excitement at the opportunity to create art from space.

"I am honored to be part of this partnership and to have the opportunity to create something extraordinary," said Nadieh Bremer. "This is an incredible opportunity to push the boundaries of what is possible in the world of art and technology and share that experience with people worldwide."

Axiom Space3 is a token-gated community network that allows members to collect premium space-inspired collectibles and engage with astronauts, space technology professionals, and Web3 entrepreneurs building at the intersection of these deep-tech industries.

For more information about this revolutionary partnership and the upcoming digital releases, please visit nft.axiomspace.com and artblocksengine.io.

Ax-2 Crew Undocks from International Space Station

The Ax-2 crew is currently on their journey back to Earth after 10 days in space conducting scientific experiments and outreach activities. 

The SpaceX Dragon spacecraft carrying the Ax-2 crew undocked from the ISS at 11:05 a.m. EDT. The vehicle is anticipated to splash down off the coast of Florida approximately at 11:00 p.m. EDT on Tuesday, May 30.  

Coverage of the Ax-2 crew, Dragon’s re-entry, and splashdown will be available via Axiom Space and SpaceX beginning about an hour ahead of splashdown. You can find updates on splashdown here. The coverage will air on Axiom Space’s website and SpaceX’s website. 

The Ax-2 crew includes Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot John Shoffner, and Mission Specialists Ali Alqarni and Rayyanah Barnawi, from the Saudi Space Commission (SSC).  During their time on the orbiting laboratory, the Ax-2 astronauts successfully executed over 20 STEAM outreach engagements and over 20 different experiments, as well as eight media events. The SpaceX Dragon will return to Earth with more than 300 pounds of cargo and important data that will impact understanding of human physiology on Earth and on-orbit, as well as establish the utility of novel technologies that could be used for future human spaceflight pursuits and benefit humankind on Earth. 

Watch coverage of the Ax-2 crew return to Earth:

• 10:00 p.m. EDT webcast begins

• 11:00 p.m. EDT (approximately) splashdown

Crew Dragon Hatch Has Closed, Ax-2 Prepares to Undock from International Space Station

The hatch between the SpaceX Dragon Freedom spacecraft and the International Space Station (ISS) closed at 9:20 a.m. EDT, the start of readying the vehicle for undocking for the Ax-2 crew’s return to Earth.  

The vehicle is anticipated to undock at approximately 11:00 a.m. EDT on May 30, 2023. 

Axiom Space, NASA and SpaceX will provide joint coverage of the undocking of the Dragon spacecraft with the Ax-2 crew at 10:45 a.m. EDT. Following undocking on May 30, Axiom Space and SpaceX will provide joint webcast coverage of the crew’s return to Earth.  

The Ax-2 crew, Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot John Shoffner, and Mission Specialists Ali AlQarni and Rayyanah Barnawi, will splash down off the coast of Florida at approximately 11:09 a.m. EDT. Coverage of the Ax-2 crew, Dragon’s re-entry, and splashdown will be available via Axiom Space and SpaceX beginning about an hour ahead of splashdown. You find updates on hatch closure, undocking, and splashdown here.  

Mission teams will monitor weather at the possible splashdown sites prior to undocking to ensure conditions are acceptable for a safe recovery of the spacecraft and Ax-2 astronauts. 

During the Ax-2 mission, the four-person multinational astronaut crew conducted more than 20 different experiments while aboard the space station, made possible by Axiom Space’s full-service integration into the NASA process for science and technology activities onboard the ISS. Data collected in-flight will impact understanding of human physiology on Earth and on-orbit, as well as establish the utility of novel technologies that could be used for future human spaceflight pursuits and to benefit humankind on Earth. Axiom Space’s partnerships offer the opportunity to expand the commercial space economy and support commercial innovations and manufacturing of biomedical products and advanced materials in low-Earth orbit.  

Ax-2 Mission Update: May 29

Today, Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot John Shoffner, and Mission Specialists Ali Alqarni and Rayyanah Barnawi finished up all science and media outreach events and started packing the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft for their return home.Whitson worked on the emergency equipment transfer and Dragon cargo packing. Shoffner also focused on cargo packing and finished up recording activities for media engagement and STEAM outreach. 

After working in the life sciences glovebox for six days in a row, Barnawi utilized the glovebox one last time for the DNA Nano Therapeutics study, producing the final set of DNA-inspired Janus base nanomaterials on-orbit. 

In addition, the Ax-2 crew members participated in a SpaceX briefing about undocking and the weather conditions at the splashdown sites. All conditions including weather are a GO for undocking tomorrow around 11:00 a.m. EDT.

The Ax-2 crew will complete approximately 10 days in space by the conclusion of their mission. During their time on the orbiting laboratory, the Ax-2 astronauts successfully executed over 20 STEAM outreach engagements and more than 20 research studies in microgravity, as well as eight media events. The SpaceX Dragon will return to Earth with more than 300 pounds of cargo and important data that will impact understanding of human physiology on Earth and on-orbit, as well as establish the utility of novel technologies that could be used for future human spaceflight pursuits and benefit humankind on Earth. 

Today, Alqarni and Barnawi performed their final STEAM outreach event with the Nanoracks Heat Transfer payload, demonstrating heat transfer in space. During this event, Barnawi and Alqarni monitored the heat transfer of a wire as it heated and cooled. Students then compared how heat transfer on the ISS differs from control experiments performed on Earth. 

As the Ax-2 crew prepares to depart from the International Space Station, today the Ax-2 astronauts joined the Expedition 69 crew members for a joint farewell ceremony. During the event, the Ax-2 crew shared words of appreciation and stories about their experience on the space station, and the ISS crew had an opportunity to celebrate the historic Ax-2 mission. You can watch the event on Axiom Space’s YouTube channel. 

Tomorrow at 9:00 a.m. EDT, the hatch closure will be livestreamed on Axiom Space’s website, NASA Television, and the agency’s website. Axiom Space, NASA, and SpaceX will resume joint coverage at 10:45 a.m. EDT with undocking. Coverage of the Dragon’s re-entry and splashdown will be available on Axiom Space’s website and SpaceX’s website beginning about an hour ahead of splashdown, which is now targeted at 11:09 p.m. EDT on Tuesday, May 30. You find updates on hatch closure, undocking, and splashdown here.

Mission teams will continue to monitor weather at the possible splashdown sites prior to undocking to ensure conditions are acceptable for a safe recovery of the spacecraft and Ax-2 astronauts. 

The four-person multinational crew has made history as the first Axiom Space mission with both private and government sponsored astronauts, opening access to low-Earth orbit to a broader population. Ax-2 is another pivotal step along the journey along the journey toward Axiom Station, the world’s first commercial space station.

Ax-2, Expedition 69 Crew Celebrates Historic Mission Prior to Departure from Space Station

As the Ax-2 crew prepares to depart from the International Space Station, today Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot John Shoffner, and Mission Specialists Ali Alqarni and Rayyanah Barnawi joined the Expedition 69 crew members for a joint farewell ceremony. During the event, the Ax-2 crew shared words of appreciation and stories about their experience on the space station, and the ISS crew had an opportunity to celebrate the historic Ax-2 mission. 

The four-person multinational astronaut crew is scheduled to undock no earlier than 11:05 a.m. EDT on May 30, from the space-facing port of the station’s Harmony module in a SpaceX Dragon spacecraft to begin the journey home and splashdown off the coast of Florida. Click here for undocking and departure coverage for Ax-2.

Ax-2 Mission Update: May 28

Today Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot John Shoffner, and Mission Specialists Ali Alqarni and Rayyanah Barnawi successfully completed the last full day of science research and STEAM outreach.

Whitson executed another run of the Axiom Space Comm Systems tech demo, testing communication with the ground team. This capability will potentially allow crew members more flexibility in communicating with mission control and loved ones on the ground.

Whitson also performed the Space Tissue and Regeneration research in the life sciences glovebox. Axiom Space partnered with the Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine and BioServe Space Technologies to send tissue-engineered liver and kidney constructs on the Ax-2 mission to assess the impact of microgravity on vascularization of thick tissues. The outcome of this study could lead to the in-space bioengineering of ‘building blocks’ of tissue that can serve as a bridge to transplantation in patients awaiting a limited supply of donor organs.

Shoffner did a final exercise wearing the MIT skinsuit to demonstrate its ability to attenuate microgravity induced physiological changes. The skinsuit is a potential spaceflight countermeasure, which aims to mitigate the effects of microgravity on the body, including spinal elongation, muscle atrophy, and sensorimotor changes.  

Barnawi had another day of life sciences glovebox operations supporting the RNA response payload, which will inform researchers on the immune system’s response to microgravity. 

 Alqarni conducted the JAMSS Odor Visualization tech demo by gathering odor data in various locations on the space station, which researchers on the ground can then analyze and use to build a visual representation of the odors on the space station.

In addition, Barnawi and AlQarni continued gathering data for the Nebula research investigations, which look at how humans adapt and respond to spaceflight.

 Tomorrow, the Ax-2 crew will spend most of the time packing the return cargo and preparing for undocking. Barnawi will utilize the life sciences glovebox one last time for the DNA Nano Therapeutics study.

Shoffner conducted a live event with the Humanity United with MIT Art and Nanotechnology (HUMANS) project. HUMANS is an MIT student-led project that combines art and nanotechnology to increase global representation in space. HUMANS has created a record of voices from people all around the world in their native languages, sharing their thoughts on the meaning of space. HUMANS creates a symbolic avenue for space access worldwide and emphasizes how space should remain a “space" for everyone. You can watch the event on Axiom Space’s YouTube channel.     

Today, Alqarni and Barnawi conducted a STEAM event with thousands of Saudi students on the ground featuring the Nanoracks Space Kite payload to demonstrate the aerodynamic behavior of kites in microgravity. 

The Ax-2 crew and Axiom Space’s Chief Scientist Dr. Lucie Low participated in a live, on-orbit science briefing. The crew did a Q&A with Dr. Low to provide updates on the science and research they have been conducting during their time on the space station. You can watch the event on Axiom Space’s YouTube channel. 

Tomorrow, Barnawi and Alqarni will perform their final STEAM outreach event with the Nanoracks Heat Transfer payload, demonstrating heat transfer in space. During this event, Barnawi and Alqarni will monitor the heat transfer of a wire as it heats and cools. Students will compare how heat transfer on the ISS differs from control experiments performed on Earth.

Tomorrow, the Ax-2 and NASA Expedition 69 crews will hold a joint farewell ceremony. Inspired by the traditional “change of command” conducted by long-duration ISS crews, this event provides an opportunity for the crew to share some words as they conclude their time in space. You can watch the event live on Axiom Space’s YouTube channel at 10:50 a.m. EDT.

For information on how to watch the live coverage of the undocking and departure of the Ax-2 crew from the ISS, visit our website axiomspace.com.   

Watch the Ax-2 On-Orbit Science Briefing

Today Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot John Shoffner, and Mission Specialists Ali Alqarni and Rayyanah Barnawi participated in an on-orbit science briefing led by Axiom Space Chief Scientist Dr. Lucie Low. While answering questions live from the International Space Station, the Ax-2 astronauts discussed the science and research they have been conducting throughout their mission and a few fun stories from their time on the orbiting laboratory.

The Ax-2 crew is conducting more than 20 experiments aboard the space station, made possible by Axiom Space’s full-service integration into the NASA process for science and technology activities onboard the ISS. Data collected in-flight will impact understanding of human physiology on Earth and on-orbit and establish the utility of novel technologies that could be used for future human spaceflight pursuits and humankind on Earth. Axiom Space’s partnerships offer the opportunity to expand the commercial space economy and support commercial innovations and manufacturing of biomedical products and advanced materials in low-Earth orbit.

Ax-2 Mission Update: May 27

Today Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot John Shoffner, and Mission Specialists Ali Alqarni and Rayyanah Barnawi had a great day and completed not only their scheduled work but also a couple bonus activities from the task list. The crew spent the day gathering data and conducting studies for the research projects and hosting STEAM outreach events with students around the world.

Whitson continued observing tumor cell samples in the fluorescence microscope for the Cancer in Low-Earth Orbit experiment, which will help us learn how cancers form and possibly develop ways to predict and treat cancer on Earth.    

Whitson also set up Axiom Space’s Stowage Tracking & Inventory Intelligent Video System (STIIVS) in the cupola, which uses computer vision to identify and track items for inventory management, stowage location tracking, and associated analytics. Results could provide insight into the feasibility and efficiency of this tool for use on Axiom Habitation Module 1 (AxH1) once it is attached to the ISS. 

Shoffner did another exercise wearing the skinsuit to demonstrate its ability to attenuate microgravity-induced physiological changes. The Skinsuit is a potential spaceflight countermeasure, which aims to mitigate the effects of microgravity on the body, including spinal elongation, muscle atrophy, and sensorimotor changes.  

Barnawi and Alqarni measured their blood pressure, blood oxygen, and heart rate levels, as well as performed some brain imaging studies for the Nebula Human Research investigations, which will look at how humans adapt and respond to spaceflight to better understand human health in microgravity. These human research studies are assessing tools that monitor brain and eye health and may offset the long-term effects of living in weightlessness.

Alqarni continued operations for the Stellar Stem Cells project to explore whether microgravity can make it easier and more efficient to produce large batches of stem cells. In partnership with Cedars Sinai, this is the first of a series of missions supported by Axiom Space, where, for the first time, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) will ultimately be manufactured in space by astronauts.   

Barnawi is now a pro when it comes to using the life science glovebox as she continues the study on mRNA response. Today she treated human immune cells with a substance that mimics an inflammatory response for the RNA response project.

Shoffner hosted a STEAM event in coordination with the Odyssey Scholarship Program. He conducted a science demonstration on inertia and Q&A with students ages 8-12 located in Miami, FL. You can watch it on Axiom Space’s YouTube channel.    

Alqarni and Barnawi conducted a science demonstration with the “liquid fireworks” payload to show differences in fluid behavior on Earth and in space, which students recreated on the ground. To execute this experiment, the Saudi crew injected fluids and mixed components into a custom-designed apparatus designed by Nanoracks. 

Tomorrow, Alqarni and Barnawi will conduct a STEAM event with the Nanoracks Space Kite payload, which will demonstrate the aerodynamic behavior of kites in microgravity. Three kites of different shapes will be fixed to a fan on the ISS and their movement will be tracked. The Saudi crew will host a live event with thousands of students on the ground as part of the Saudi education outreach program.  

 Shoffner will do a live event tomorrow with the Humanity United with MIT Art and Nanotechnology (HUMANS) project. HUMANS is a MIT student-led project that combines art and nanotechnology for increasing global representation in space. HUMANS has created a record of voices from people all around the world in their native languages, sharing their thoughts on the meaning of space for themselves and humanity. This six-inch record, inspired by The Golden Record, has been etched using cutting-edge MIT nanotechnology to be launched up to the ISS. HUMANS creates a symbolic avenue for space access worldwide and emphasizes how space should remain a “space" for everyone. You can watch the event on Axiom Space’s YouTube channel.    

Finally, tomorrow the Ax-2 astronauts and Axiom Space’s Chief Scientist Dr. Lucie Low will do a science briefing. The crew will do a Q&A with Dr. Low to provide updates on the science and research they have been conducting during their time on the space station. The event will take place at 10:00 a.m. CT. You can watch it live on Axiom Space’s YouTube channel and NASA TV. 

The Ax-2 crew now has two more days on the International Space Station before they head back to Earth. You can find information on how to watch the live coverage of the undocking and departure of the Ax-2 crew from the ISS, here.   

Ax-2 Pilot John Shoffner Announces International Student Art and Poetry Selections from ISS

During his mission to the International Space Station (ISS) Ax-2 Astronaut John Shoffner announced the final selections of his International Space Art and Poetry Contest. From 250 miles above Earth, Shoffner showcased a sample of the 930 entries from 26 countries from students who answered the question - What would it look like if we lived in space?”   

Surrounded by floating colorful artwork and thoughtful words, Shoffner named six chosen representatives, each hand-selected by an esteemed panel of judges, including Ax-2 Commander Peggy Whitson, science educator Kaci Heins, and artist/poet Monique Lorden. Students were scored based on thematic accuracy, interpretation, overall impression, and more. 

Here are the 2023 category representatives, announced from the International Space Station!  

John Shoffner is a life-long space enthusiast. At 8-years-old, he formed a young astronauts club with his friends in his hometown of Middlesboro, Kentucky. John's wild ambition to become an astronaut never escaped him. In fact, he held onto a painting he created at 10 years old of an astronaut floating in space. This very painting has served as the inspiration for the International Space Art and Poetry Contest.  

A special thanks to Limitless Space Institute and Crayola Experience for your incredible partnership!   

To view all submissions, check out www.spaceartcontest.com 

Watch Coverage of Ax-2 Crew Departure from Space Station

Axiom Space, NASA, and SpaceX will provide live coverage of the undocking and departure of Axiom Mission 2 (Ax-2) from the International Space Station (ISS) before the Ax-2 crew returns to Earth. 

The four-person multinational astronaut crew is scheduled to undock no earlier than 11:05 a.m. EDT on May 30, from the space-facing port of the station’s Harmony module in a SpaceX Dragon spacecraft to begin the journey home and splashdown off the coast of Florida.  

Coverage of the Ax-2 return will include four separate segments over three days — farewell ceremony, hatch closure, undocking, and splashdown. All segments will be available at AxiomSpace.com.  

Axiom Space and NASA will begin coverage on the morning of May 29, with a farewell ceremony between the Ax-2 and NASA Expedition 69 crew. On May 30, at 9:00 a.m. EDT the hatch closure will air on NASA Television, the agency’s website, and Axiom Space’s website. Coverage will resume at 10:45 a.m. EDT with undocking via Axiom Space, NASA, and SpaceX. Following undocking on May 31, Axiom Space and SpaceX will provide joint webcast coverage of the crew’s return to Earth. 

Mission teams will monitor weather at the possible splashdown sites prior to undocking to ensure conditions are acceptable for a safe recovery of the spacecraft and Ax-2 astronauts. 

Ax-2 Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot John Shoffner, and Mission Specialists Ali Alqarni and Rayyanah Barnawi, both representing the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, will complete approximately 10 days in space by the conclusion of their mission. The SpaceX Dragon will return to Earth with more than 300 pounds of cargo, including NASA hardware and data from over 20 different experiments. 

Undocking and departure coverage for Ax-2 is as follows (all times Eastern and subject to change based on operations).  

MONDAY, MAY 29
10:50 a.m. – Ax-2 Farewell Ceremony  

The ISS crew will participate in an end of mission, on-orbit event. Coverage will be available via Axiom Space and NASA.   

TUESDAY, MAY 30 
9:00 a.m. – Hatch Closure  

The hatch will close between the Dragon spacecraft and the International Space Station in preparation for undocking. Coverage will be provided by NASA and be amplified by Axiom Space for the hatch closure at approximately ahead of 9:10 a.m. EDT. 

10:45 a.m. – Undocking 

The Ax-2 crew will undock from the ISS to begin the journey back to Earth. Integrated Axiom Space, NASA, and SpaceX coverage resumes for a NET 11:05 a.m. undocking time and continues until approximately 30 minutes after undocking ends and coverage will continue with Axiom Space and SpaceX. 

11:09 p.m. ET – Splashdown and Landing  

Coverage of the Ax-2 crew, Dragon’s re-entry, and splashdown will be available on Axiom Space and SpaceX beginning about an hour ahead of splashdown. More details will be provided closer to undocking, you can find updates here.  

Ax-2 is the second of several proposed Axiom Space missions to the ISS and a critical first step along the journey toward Axiom Station, the world’s first commercial space station.    

Follow along for mission updates with #Ax2 on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, LinkedIn, and on our website. 

Editor’s note: Splashdown time updated on May 29, 2023.

Ax-2 Mission Update: May 26

Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot John Shoffner, and Mission Specialists Ali Alqarni and Rayyanah Barnawi have now been living and working aboard the International Space Station for five days. Today the crew continued their work on science experiments, microgravity research, and technology demonstrations. The astronauts also participated in media engagements and STEAM events. 

Whitson successfully completed the Axiom Imagery Processing Collection tech demonstration, which is an automatic, wireless transfer application tool for downlinking imagery. This demonstration will provide insight on the feasibility and efficiency of this tool for future use on Axiom Station to reduce crew and ground time on image transferring, allowing more time to focus on science and outreach. 

Whitson and Shoffner worked on different biomedical research studies exploring ways to improve life on Earth and in space. For the Cancer in Low-Earth Orbit experiment, Whitson removed tumor cell samples from a research incubator and placed them in the fluorescence microscope for imaging to learn how cancers form and possibly develop ways to predict and treat cancer on Earth.   

Shoffner exercised while wearing a specialized skinsuit to demonstrate its ability to attenuate microgravity-induced physiological changes. The Skinsuit is a potential spaceflight countermeasure, which aims to mitigate the effects of microgravity on the body, including spinal elongation, muscle atrophy, and sensorimotor changes.  

Barnawi and Alqarni measured their blood pressure, blood oxygen, and heart rate levels, as well as performed some brain imaging studies for the Nebula Human Research investigations, which will look at how humans adapt and respond to spaceflight to better understand human health in microgravity. These human research studies are assessing tools that monitor brain and eye health and may offset the long-term effects of living in weightlessness. 

Barnawi dedicated a lot of time today conducting studies on different cells in the life science glovebox. Firstly, she treated human immune cells with a substance that mimics an inflammatory response for a study on mRNA response and stability, which will inform researchers on the immune system’s response to microgravity. In addition, Barnawi serviced stem cell samples for the Stellar Stem Cell study to see how microgravity affects the way the cells divide, as well as their ability to absorb DNA – a crucial step in stem cell manufacturing. Earlier in the morning, Alqarni also supported the Stellar Stem Cell project by inserting the samples into a fluorescence microscope for imaging. 

Whitson had a conversation and conducted a science experiment demonstration on surface tension with science TV host and aeronautics and astronautics engineer Emily Calandrelli, known as the Space Gal. During the event, Whitson talked about what it is like to live and work in space and her career as an astronaut. The event will be shared at a later date.  

Shoffner announced the final selections of his International Space Art and Poetry Contest. He released a video showcasing a sample of the 930 entries from 26 countries from students who answered the question, “What would it look like if we lived in space?” Shoffner also hosted live STEAM outreach events with students from Middlesboro Middle School and MIT graduate and undergraduate students involved in the Skinsuit project. You can watch both events live on Axiom Space’s YouTube channel.      

Tomorrow, Shoffner will host a STEAM event in coordination with the Odyssey Scholarship Program. He will conduct a science demonstration on inertia and Q&A with students ages 8-12 located in Miami, FL. The event will take place at 1:00 p.m. CDT. You can watch it live on Axiom Space’s YouTube channel.   

Ax-2 Mission Update: May 25

Today, Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot John Shoffner, and Mission Specialists Ali Alqarni and Rayyanah Barnawi are now almost halfway through their mission on the International Space Station. The Ax-2 crew had a busy day executing payload operations, conducting microgravity research, collecting biomedical samples, and participating in STEAM outreach and media engagements.  

Whitson continued working on the Cancer in Low-Earth Orbit experiment, which will study prospective therapies for breast and blood cancers by testing countermeasure drugs on the space station. This project will contribute to the goal of creating cellular models to predict and detect the development of cancer and develop future therapeutics.   

Alqarni continued operations for the Stellar Stem Cells project to explore whether microgravity can make it easier and more efficient to produce large batches of stem cells. In partnership with Cedars Sinai, this is the first of a series of missions supported by Axiom Space, where, for the first time, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) will ultimately be manufactured in space by astronauts.   

Alqarni began setting up the cloud seeding experiment, which is a collaborative effort with Nanoracks and the Saudi Space Commission. In this experiment, cloud seeding will be examined in space under microgravity conditions. Moist air and silver iodide crystals will be mixed in a reaction chamber to examine the possibility of nucleation, where water vapor condenses around the silver crystals to form water droplets.  The outcome of this experiment could help develop agricultural technologies to generate artificial rain in future human settlements on the Moon and Mars.  

Shoffner and Alqarni collected more samples for the Nebula Human Research investigations, which will look at how humans adapt and respond to spaceflight to better understand human physiology in microgravity. The astronauts scanned each other’s eyes with the Ultrasound 2 device and wore a cap filled with sensors, to scan their brains’ oxygen levels using near-infrared light. These studies may provide insights into the effects of weightlessness on cognition and vision.  

The Ax-2 astronauts had a busy day conducting STEAM outreach events. The Ax-2 crew hosted a STEAM-focused educational outreach event with Space Center Houston. Local children and community members attended the event and had the opportunity to ask the crew questions about their experience in space and the important science experiments and microgravity research they will be conducting on the International Space Station. You can watch the event on Axiom Space’s YouTube channel.  

Alqarni and Barnawi also conducted a STEAM outreach event with students ages 9-18 in coordination with the Ministry of Education, Mawhiba, Riyadh School, and Misk Schools part of the Saudi education outreach program. The astronauts conducted a science demonstration with the Nanoracks Space Kite payload to show how microgravity affects the aerodynamic behavior of kites.      

Shoffner used the HAM radio, through an organization known as ARISS, to connect with students and show them what it is like to live and work in space. ARISS gives crew members aboard the space station the opportunity to promote the exploration of STEAM topics.   

Tomorrow, Whitson will have a conversation and conduct a science experiment demonstration on surface tension with Emily Calandrelli, TV host and social media influencer. This STEAM engagement will educate viewers on what it is like to live and work in space and Whitson will have the opportunity to speak about her career. You can watch this event live at 10:15 a.m. CDT on Axiom Space’s YouTube channel.  

Shoffner is staying busy connecting with students around the world to inspire career paths in STEAM. Tomorrow he will host two live STEAM outreach events with students from Middlesboro Middle School and MIT graduate and undergraduate students involved in the Skinsuit project. The MIT Skinsuit event will take place at 9:45 a.m. CDT and the Middlesboro Middle School will occur at 1:40 p.m. CDT. You can watch both events live on Axiom Space’s YouTube channel.   

Today, Whitson and Shoffner kicked off the on-orbit media engagements for the Ax-2 mission. In one of the interviews, Shoffner did a Q&A with Men’s Health Magazine on living and working in space, training for the mission, and mental health. Click here to watch the event with Men’s Health Magazine.  

Ax-2 Crew Participates in STEAM Outreach Event with Space Center Houston

Today, Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot John Shoffner, and Mission Specialists Ali Alqarni and Rayyanah Barnawi participated in a science, technology, engineering, the arts, and mathematics (STEAM) outreach event with Space Center Houston. Local children and community members attended the event and had the opportunity to ask the Axiom Mission 2 (Ax-2) crew questions about their experience in space and the important science experiments and microgravity research they will be conducting on the International Space Station.

During the mission, the four-person multinational astronaut crew will conduct more than 20 different experiments while aboard the space station, made possible by Axiom Space’s full-service integration into the NASA process for science and technology activities onboard the ISS. The crew will also be conducting numerous STEAM outreach events with students around the globe to educate youth about space exploration and inspire career paths in STEAM. Click here for more information on the microgravity research and experiments that will be conducted on then Ax-2 mission.

Additional outreach events and updates of the Ax-2 mission will be posted on Axiom Space’s YouTube channel.

Follow #Ax2 on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, and LinkedIn for updates.  

Ax-2 Mission Update: May 24

Today, Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot John Shoffner, and Mission Specialists Ali Alqarni and Rayyanah Barnawi executed their first full day of science operations and media outreach. They began sharing updates on their efforts on the ISS on their social media accounts.  

Barnawi used the life science glovebox to perform the DNA Nano Therapeutics operations, which she completed well ahead of the timeline, producing the first DNA Nanomaterials on the ISS. This project leverages microgravity to optimize production of DNA-inspired nanomaterials and set standards for in-space manufacturing of a wide range of nanomaterial therapeutic applications, such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Axiom Space has partnered with the University of Connecticut and Eascra Biotech for the DNA Nano Therapeutics project, which is funded through the NASA In-Space Production Applications (InSPA) program. 

Alqarni and Barnawi also performed a test run of the Nanoracks Space Kite payload, which will demonstrate the aerodynamic behavior of kites in microgravity. Three kites of different shapes will be fixed to a fan on the ISS and their movement will be tracked. The Saudi crew will host a live event with thousands of students on the ground as part of the Saudi education outreach program. 

Whitson and Shoffner worked on the Stellar Stem Cells project that will grow stem cells on the ISS to see whether microgravity has any impact on the way the cells grow. By studying stem cells in space, it could address the challenges that currently limit using these cells as therapies in regenerative medicine. Axiom Space has partnered with Cedars Sinai  for this project, making it the first time induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) will be manufactured in space by astronauts. 

Whitson started the Cancer in Low-Earth Orbit experiment, which will study prospective therapies for colorectal and breast cancers by testing countermeasure drugs on the space station. This effort contributes to the goal of creating cellular models to predict and detect the development of cancer. 

The Ax-2 crew collected samples for the Nebula Human Research investigation. This is part of a portfolio of projects that will look at how humans adapt and respond to spaceflight to better understand human physiology in microgravity, which will contribute to our understanding of how to keep humans healthy in space. The Nebula projects will utilize novel neuroscience tools to measure blood flow to the brain and the brain’s electrical activity, assess intracranial pressure by non-invasive assessment of the pupil of the eye, and monitor changes in the optic nerve over time. 

An exercise session was performed by the Ax-2 crew in support of the “Skinsuit” experiment. The Gravity Loading Countermeasure Skinsuit is an intravehicular activity suit for astronauts that has been developed to simulate some of the effects of Earth’s gravity by providing vertical load on the body, from the shoulders to the feet. The Skinsuit is a potential spaceflight countermeasure, which aims to mitigate physiological effects of microgravity, including spinal elongation, muscle atrophy, and sensorimotor changes. 

The Ax-2 crew did a test event with ICE Cubes, which is a platform that is being used during the mission to interact in real-time with the media, students, and public. The Ax-2 crew completed the first of many recordings that will be sent to the ground for use in STEAM outreach, social media, and commercial activities. 

Today, John Shoffner participated in two STEAM outreach events with students from Oporto British School in Portugal and Rathmore National School in Ireland. During the events, Shoffner conducted a live Q&A with the students regarding what it is like to live and work in space. Shoffner will be conducting many outreach events and microgravity demonstrations on the space station with the goal of inspiring students around the world to pursue STEAM education. You can watch both events live on Axiom Space’s YouTube channel.  

Alqarni and Barnawi talked to students in Saudi Arabia via Amateur Radio on the International Space Station, known as the ARISS program. Part of a larger effort to engage students across the nation, the Saudi Space Commission posted various photos of the event on their social media accounts. 

Tomorrow the Ax-2 crew will host a STEAM-focused educational outreach event with Space Center Houston along with local children and community members. This will be a live NASA PAO event and will occur at 10:35 a.m. CT. You can watch it live on Axiom Space’s YouTube channel and NASA TV.   

Watch the full mission update: